Karyotype ya ma chromosomes yanu ikhoza kuzindikira chilichonse chovuta
M'thupi lililonse, kuchokera kwa anthu kupita ku zomera, ndi timagulu ting'onoting'ono timene timadziwika kuti maselo. Maselo amenewa amasiyana pa mitundu yonse ndi mkati mwa munthu aliyense, nyama, kapena chomera. M'maselo amenewa muli ma chromosome omwe ali ndi DNA, ndondomeko ya momwe timagwirira ntchito. Nthawi zina, kuti tipeze malingaliro abwino momwe timagwira ntchito kapena kudziwa za matenda, chithunzi, chotchedwa karyotype , chimatengedwa ndi ma chromosome athu.
Karyotype ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yowonongera makromosomes a munthu. Zingatheke pa minofu iliyonse ya umunthu koma kawirikawiri imachitidwa pa magazi, khungu, amniotic fluid, kapena chorionic villi. Maselo amatengedwera ku labu, okula kapena okhwima, kuvala zithunzi, kujambulidwa zithunzi, ndi kusanthula.
Kodi Karyotype Ingakuuzeni Chiyani?
Karyotype ingakuuzeni kuchuluka kwa ma chromosomes munthu ali ndi kapangidwe kake ka chromosome. Chifukwa karyotype ikukudziwitsani za chromosome iliyonse, ikhozanso kukuuzani za kugonana kwa munthu payekha. Ngati ma X chromosome alipo, ndiye kuti munthuyo ndi wamkazi. Ngati X ndi Y chromosome alipo, ndiye munthu ali wamwamuna.
Chifukwa karyotype imapereka chidziwitso chokhudza nthenda ya chromosomes yomwe ilipo, imatha kudziwa ngati matenda a Down syndrome - kukhalapo kwa nambala yochuluka ya 21 chromosome (47 ma chromosomes mu chiwerengero, osati 46). Karyotype imayang'ananso momwe chromosome iliyonse imagwirira ntchito, kotero imatha kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi mavuto a kromosome monga kagawidwe kapena kuchotsedwa.
(Pafupifupi 2 mpaka 3 peresenti ya matenda a Down syndrome amachokera ku translocation yokhudza nambala 21 ya chromosome.)
Kodi Karyotype Imasiyana Bwanji ndi Kusanthula Nsomba?
Karyotype imasiyana ndi kusinkhasinkha kwasakaniko (FISH) kusanthula chifukwa imayang'ana kwambiri ma chromosomes omwe munthu ali nawo.
Kusanthula kwa nsomba kumakupatsani inu zambiri zochepa za ma chromosomes onse. Kufufuza kwa asodzi kumatha kuzindikira zinthu monga matenda a Down syndrome. Komabe, sikungakupatseni ngati chithunzi cha chithunzi ngati karyotype ikhoza. Karyotype idzawonanso kusiyana kwa kayendedwe ka zinthu monga kusamutsa, kuchotsa, chromosomes, ndi zina.
Zotsatira za Karyotype zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuti zibwerere kusiyana ndi zomwe zafufuzidwe ndi nsomba. Karyotype yomwe imachitika pa maselo a magazi ingatenge kulikonse kuyambira masiku atatu mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Karyotype pa amniocytes (maselo ochokera ku amniocentesis) kapena chorionic villus sampling ikhoza kumatenga masiku khumi kapena khumi ndi limodzi, malingana ndi momwe maselo akulira mofulumira. Kusanthula kwa nsomba kudzabwerera mkati mwa masiku atatu kapena anayi.
Kusankha Mtundu woyesedwa woyenera
Ngati mukulingalira zoyezetsa magazi kapena karyotype chifukwa cha zifukwa, muyenera kukambirana kuti ndi njira yanji yomwe ikuyeneretsani pazomwe mukukumana nazo. Mwinanso mungakonde kukambirana ndi kufufuza ngati inshuwalansi idzapindulitsa mtengo wa kufufuza kwa nsomba ndi karyotype. Ngati muli ndi mimba yokhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu, dokotala wanu angalimbikitse kuyezetsa FISH komanso karyotype, kuti zotsatira zoyambirira zilandire mwamsanga. Zotsatira zofulumizitsa zingafunike ndi omwe amapitilira mimba yawo.
SOURCES:
Kalasi ya American of Obstetricians ndi Gynecologists (ACOG). Kuyeza kwa Fetal Chromosomal Zovuta. ACOG Practice Bulletin, nambala 77, January 2007.
National Human Genome Research Institute. Fluorescence In Situation Hybridization (Nsomba), 2008.