Ambiri a ife sitikumvetsa chifukwa chake chithandizo chamankhwala n'chokwera mtengo. Tikudziwa kuti mtengo wa chithandizo chamankhwala umatengera gawo lathu lalikulu kwambiri. Koma, nchifukwa ninji mtengo wa chithandizo chaumoyo ukukula msanga kuposa inflation?
Kafukufuku wa 2005 wa USA Today / Kaiser Family Foundation / Harvard School of Public Health anasonyeza kuti anthu a ku America ankaganiza kuti makampani odyera zamankhwala ndi inshuwalansi, komanso milandu ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimathandiza kuti ndalama zowonongeka zitheke.
Achimereka awo anali olakwika. Ngakhale pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapereka ndalama zowonjezereka za chithandizo chamankhwala, mmodzi wa iwo akutsogolera ena onse.
Chinthu chimodzi chimachititsa theka kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama
Kuwerengera ndalama zoposa theka la kuchuluka kwa mtengo, chinthu chimodzi chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimachititsa kuti phindu la zaumoyo liwonjezeke ndi chitukuko cha sayansi kuchipatala . Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa zamankhwala, tikhoza kuchiza kapena kuchiza zinthu zomwe zimatipha. Koma, mankhwala atsopanowa amabwera ndi malonda a mtengo.
Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala onse ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala adasintha kuchokera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960. Ngati munkafuna kusintha kwa mtima mu 1965, munamwalira. Tsopano, ngati muli ndi mwayi wokhala ndi wopereka, madola mazana ambiri pambuyo pake muli ndi mtima watsopano.
Zosasangalatsa pang'ono, kuphatikizapo malumikizowo kumakhala kofala m'makumi angapo apitayo. Si zachilendo kuti munthu mmodzi akhale ndi ziwalo zingapo m'malo mwake, kapena akhale ndi mgwirizano womwewo m'malo mwake.
Koma, kupita patsogolo mu njira zamaphunziro opaleshoni sizomwe zikupita patsogolo mu sayansi ya zamankhwala kuwonjezera mtengo wa chithandizo chamankhwala. Dothi lonse la DNA biopharmaceuticals linasintha kuyambira m'ma 1980. Mwachitsanzo, Enbrel, jekeseni yomwe imatetezera kuwonongeka kwa nyamakazi ya nyamakazi ndi ankylosing spondylitis, imayendetsa madola 20,000 pachaka.
Sizongowonjezera mtengo wa teknoloji yatsopano, mwina. Ndizofunikanso kupitiriza kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala kwa munthu amene moyo wake unaperekedwa ndi imodzi mwa matekinoloje atsopanowu.
Tengani matenda a mtima monga chitsanzo. Zaka zapitazo panali nitroglycerine, oxygen, ndi morphine. Ngati mutakhala ndi zaka 50 yemwe anali ndi matenda a mtima, simungathe kukhala ndi moyo zaka zambiri chifukwa teknoloji yodalirika bwino matendawa.
Tsopano, inu mukhoza kuikidwa pa statin ngati Lipitor nthawi yaitali musanakhale ndi vuto loyamba la kupweteka pachifuwa. Kuyamba kwanu kwa zizindikiro kungachedwe kwa zaka. Ngati pamapeto pake mumakhala ndi zizindikiro, mukhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi zinthu monga angioplasty , stents , ndi opaleshoni yopitirira, zomwe zingakulitse moyo wanu kwa zaka zambiri.
Koma, mtengo wa zaka makumi anaiwo sizowonjezera mtengo wa Lipitor ndi stent. Ndizophatikizanso chisamaliro cha zina zonse zomwe munalandira chifukwa mudakhala zaka zambiri. Ngati mwafa mutakwanitsa zaka 50 kuchokera ku matenda a mtima wanu, simukanasowa bondo mukakhala ndi zaka 62. Simungapatsidwe khansa ya prostate pamene munali ndi zaka 70. Ndalama zonsezi zinkasokonekera chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa zamakono za zamankhwala zomwe zinakulolani kukhala ndi nthawi yaitali kuti mupeze chithandizo cha zinthu zina.
Nanga bwanji 50%?
Ngakhale kuti kupita patsogolo mu sayansi ya zachipatala ndikumayambitsa pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya kuchuluka kwa mtengo wa chithandizo chamankhwala, pakadalipo 50% omwe amawerengedwa. Zambiri mwa ndalamazi zikuwonjezeka chifukwa chowonjezerapo ndalama zowonjezera ndalama ndi inshuwalansi yowonjezera inshuwalansi. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kufunika kwa chithandizo chamankhwala. Anthu olemera amatha kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala ambiri, choncho amagwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala ambiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi inshuwalansi ya umoyo amachotsedwa kulemetsa ya mtengo weniweni wa chithandizo chamankhwala, kotero amadya chithandizo chamankhwala ambiri.
Kutaya, chinyengo, ndi nkhanza, komanso kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu monga ukalamba wa anthu komanso kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri kumawonjezera kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zothandizira.
Koma palibe ngakhale kufika pafupi ndi zotsatira za kupita patsogolo kwa zamakono za zamankhwala.
Chifukwa chiyani mtengo wowonjezeka wa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi wovuta?
Ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo ku United States zinachokera ku 4,7% ya PGDP mu 1960 kufika pa 14.9% ya GDP mu 2005. Tsopano, ndipamwamba kwambiri. Ngati ndalama zothandizira zachipatala zikupitiriza kuyamwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama za fuko lathu chaka chilichonse, zidzasintha. Pakalipano, zimatipangitsa kukhala opanda mpikisano pamsika wa msika.
Msonkhanowo wa March 1, 2010, CNR, Mgwirizano wa mabiliyoni Warren Buffett anayerekeza ndalama zathu zowonjezera zaumoyo ku tapeworm, akuti "chirichonse chomwe timapereka kwa kutumiza kunja, chirichonse chomwe timapikisana nacho ... chikuwombera mtengo ..."
Kodi tingachite chiyani za izi?
Sitikufuna kuletsa chitukuko cha matekinoloje atsopano a zachipatala, ngakhale kuti amachititsa kuti ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo ziwonjezeke. Kupititsa patsogolo mu mankhwala ndibwino.
M'malo mwake, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wogwiritsira ntchito kuti tiganizire mosamala zatsopano zamakono kutsata mankhwala omwe tili nawo kale. Tiyenera kuona ngati teknoloji yatsopano ikuyendetsa vutolo bwino kusiyana ndi makanema akale omwe adachita. Ngati ndi choncho, kodi phindu limeneli ndi lofanana ndi odwala onse? Kapena, kodi magulu ena a odwala ali bwino kupeza mankhwala achikulire? Pakalipano, tilibe chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza njira zochiritsira zosiyana siyana kuti tipeze chisankho chodziwa bwino momwe chithandizo chilili bwino pazochitika.
Kuwonjezera apo, tiyenera kuthetsa kapena kutaya zinyalala, chinyengo, ndi nkhanza. Tiyenera kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa moyo kuti kuchepa kwa uchimo. Ndipo, tifunikira kupereka momveka bwino pa mtengo wa chithandizo cha zaumoyo kuti ogwiritsira ntchito ali ndi lingaliro lolondola la momwe ntchito iliyonse yothandizira yaumoyo yomwe akugwiritsira ntchito imayenera kwenikweni.
Zowonjezera: Ndalama Zothandizira Zaumoyo: Choyambirira cha Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, Technological Change ndi Growth of Health Care Kupyolera mu Congressional Budget Office , Malingaliro a Nthawi Yakale a Thandizo la Zaumoyo Kupatula ndi Congressional Budget Office .